(20 January 2020) One of the most sensitive economic effects of COVID is the reality that millions have lost their jobs. And, contrary to economic crises of the past that tended to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, the corona-crisis has only widened that gap, a point US President Biden featured in his inaugural address today, "... Folks, this is a time of testing. We face an attack on our democracy and on truth, a raging virus, growing inequity, the sting of systemic racism, a climate in crisis, ..."

 

Unprecedented government stimulus and the partial cancellation of COVID containment restrictions boosted the US economic recovery and thereby eased the US labor market to steadier ground during 2020. The problem is the recovery has unequally benefited high-wage workers.

  • According to the Economic Tracker from Opportunities Insights, high-wage workers were reemployed by the end of May 2020, while only 80 percent of low wage workers were able to return to work. In December 2020, the number of employed low wage workers dropped still lower to 75 percent of the pre-COVID level.
  • Unequal recovery of labor market for high and low wage workers can partly be explained by unequal opportunities to telework. According to a BLS survey, workers with lower wages and formal educational requirements have far fewer remote work options than high wage employees.
  • In eight US states (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Minnesota, Oregon and Vermont) the percent of low wage workers who were unable to return to work is close to or greater than 30 percent.

The disproportionately high burden of the COVID pandemic on low wage workers is not localized to the United States only. Research by Eurostat linking the labor market impact of COVID-19 on workers with their income situation also shows that low wage workers in the European Union are under higher risk of temporary lay off/reduced hours and job loss compared to high wage employees. In 2020 income loss by low wage earners was 3-6 times larger than high wage earners in half of the EU Member States.

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