National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.Gross value added at producers' prices: Gross value added at producers’ prices is output valued at producers’ prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The producer price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product minus value added tax (VAT), or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser.Gross value added at factor cost: Gross value added at factor cost is derived from GVA at basic prices by subtricting other taxes on production and adding other subsidies on production.Output: Output consists of the products created during the accounting period. Three types of output are distinguished: market output; output produced for own final use; other non-market output.Output at basic prices: Output is at basic prices when it is valued by subtricting taxes on products and including subsidies on products.Output at producers' prices: Output at producers' prices is the output at basic prices plus taxes on products, excluding VAT, and minus subsidies on products.Output at factor cost: Output at factor cost is valued by subtracting taxes and including subsidies.Taxes on production and on products (except VAT and import taxes):they consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. These taxes are payable whether or not profits are made.Subsidies on products and on production: are current unrequited payments that government units, including non-resident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services which they produce, sell or import.

Data source(s) used: Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.Gross value added at producers' prices: Gross value added at producers’ prices is output valued at producers’ prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The producer price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product minus value added tax (VAT), or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser.Gross value added at factor cost: Gross value added at factor cost is derived from GVA at basic prices by subtricting other taxes on production and adding other subsidies on production.Output: Output consists of the products created during the accounting period. Three types of output are distinguished: market output; output produced for own final use; other non-market output.Output at basic prices: Output is at basic prices when it is valued by subtricting taxes on products and including subsidies on products.Output at producers' prices: Output at producers' prices is the output at basic prices plus taxes on products, excluding VAT, and minus subsidies on products.Output at factor cost: Output at factor cost is valued by subtracting taxes and including subsidies.Taxes on production and on products (except VAT and import taxes):they consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. These taxes are payable whether or not profits are made.Subsidies on products and on production: are current unrequited payments that government units, including non-resident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services which they produce, sell or import.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Compensation of employees, wages and salaries and social security contributions:Compensation of employees (D1) is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Compensation of employees is broken down into: wages and salaries (D11): wages and salaries in cash; wages and salaries in kind; employers’ social contributions (D12): employers’ actual social contributions (D121); employers’ imputed social contributions (D122).Gross value added: Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to the economic growth in terms of new goods and services available for final consumption.Gross value added at basic prices: Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product or service minus any tax on the product plus any subsidy on the product.Gross value added at producers' prices: Gross value added at producers’ prices is output valued at producers’ prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. The producer price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a product minus value added tax (VAT), or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser.Gross value added at factor cost: Gross value added at factor cost is derived from GVA at basic prices by subtricting other taxes on production and adding other subsidies on production.Output: Output consists of the products created during the accounting period. Three types of output are distinguished: market output; output produced for own final use; other non-market output.Output at basic prices: Output is at basic prices when it is valued by subtricting taxes on products and including subsidies on products.Output at producers' prices: Output at producers' prices is the output at basic prices plus taxes on products, excluding VAT, and minus subsidies on products.Output at factor cost: Output at factor cost is valued by subtracting taxes and including subsidies.Taxes on production and on products (except VAT and import taxes):they consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. These taxes are payable whether or not profits are made.Subsidies on products and on production: are current unrequited payments that government units, including non-resident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services which they produce, sell or import.

Data source(s) used: Survey on final balance sheet of public bodies/institutions: chambers of commerce:The English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system

Data source(s) used: Survey on final balance sheet of public bodies/institutions: chambers of commerce:The English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for the whole nation: It refers to households consumption within the national territory (both resident and non-resident households) and comprise all purchases of goods and services having an actual market price. It is used to measure inflation in Italy. Other data characteristics: In regard to provincial data, in some months and for some provincial capitals, the index can be not calculated due to the interruption of survey operations or the non abidance of the rules and the quality standards established by IstatSuch situation are marked with flag g

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Output deflator at factor costs:is given by the ratio between the current price production at factor costs and the chain linked production (measured at factor costs) with reference year 2005.Input deflator at factor costs: is given by the ratio between the current price intermediate costs at factor costs and the chain linked intermediate costs (measured at factor costs) with reference year 2005.Unit labour cost:is given by the ratio between ‘Compensation of employees’ and production.Unit variable costs:are given by the ratio between the sum of unit labour costs and intermediate consumption and production.Mark-up:is given by the ratio between the output deflator and the unit variable costs.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA95) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA95) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.

Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA2010) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.Population:According to national accounts, the total population on a given date consists of national or foreign persons settled permanently in the economic territory of Italy, even if they are temporarily absent from it. A person who is staying, or intends to stay, on the economic territory of the country for one year or more is regarded as permanently settled there. A person is regarded as being temporarily absent if he or she is permanently settled in the country but is staying, or intends to stay, abroad for a period of less than one year. An annual average of head counts provides an appropriate basis for international comparisons and it is used as denominator of per capita values of important aggregates as GDP, gross national income, final consumption expenditure of households.For the years 2002- 2013, the average annual population used in national accounts is not the legal population but it has been obtained by a statistical reconstruction (“Ricostruzione statistica delle serie regionali di popolazione del periodo 1/1/2002 – 1/1/2014” http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/145206) disseminated on January 2015 and used as a reference for the main macroeconomic aggregates and indicators. The statistical reconstruction of population by regions was carried out in order to avoid the effects of changes in the population count mainly due to administrative purposes and that produce an adjustment of the population register after the Census. In particular, the revision of the population register after the 2011 Census of Population was due to the re-registration in 2012 of persons cancelled from the register according to the census results and to the recovery in 2013 of persons actually resident in the municipality but not surveyed by the population census; these phenomena caused a sudden increase of the legal population after the census year.From 1 January 2014 onwards, data have been aligned to the results of the following demographic surveys: "Surveys on the movement and calculation of the resident population" and "Surveys on the age structure of the resident population".

Data source(s) used: Energy use data reported in physical environmental accounts are calculated starting from a plurality of sources elaborated in particular by: Ministry of Economic Development (National Energy Balance - BEN; Quarterly Oil Bulletin), Terna (Annual Report on Electricity in Italy; Consumption of electricity by type of activity and type of market), Unione Petrolifera (Economic, energy and environmental statistics), ACI (fleet of vehicles), the Bank of Italy (international maritime transport), Istat (Survey on energy consumption - COEN, carried out in 2013 by Istat-MISE-ENEA; Agriculture Economic accounts; Survey on air transport). Other data characteristics: Data on energy use are gross of transformations, i.e. the energy incorporated in the products used to be transformed into other energy products is also counted in the various uses of the derivative products (for example, the energy counted in the crude oil used to produce motor gasoline is recounted in the use of petrol for transport; the energy incorporated in the products used for the production of electricity is also counted in the phase in which the electricity itself is used; etc.). This results in a phenomenon of double counting of the same energy in different phases of the economic cycle (basically during production/processing phase and consumption phase), that is most relevant, the more the data are aggregated (by type of energy product, by type of use and/or by economic activity). It follows that:- for economic activities as a whole, the 'total use of energy products' is strongly affected by double counting, however, if we consider the individual types of energy use, the data do not present the phenomenon of double counting in the case of 'heating', 'transport', 'transformation into electricity' and 'non-energy use', while the phenomenon does occur, marginally, in the case of 'other energy use with combustion' and 'energy use without combustion';- for individual economic activities, the same considerations as for economic activities as a whole are valid, but the disaggregation by activity considerably attenuates the phenomenon of double counting of energy;- for households, the figures are not affected by double counting as households do not perform any type of transformation of energy products.: Terajoule

Data source(s) used: Small and medium enterprise survey -SME (including professional and artistic activities):The sample survey on the small and medium enterprises (SME) covers the population of enterprises with 1 to 99 persons employed and answers to the request of SBS EU Council Regulation n. 58/97 (until the reference year 2007 in Nace Rev.1.1) and SBS EU Council Regulation n. 295/2008 (starting from the reference year 2008 in Nace Rev.2). The observation unit is the enterprise and the frame is represented by the Italian business register (Asia). The sampling design is a one stage stratified random sampling, with the strata defined by the combination of economic activity, size class of persons employed and administrative region. The main variables collected annually by an electronic questionnaire regard business competitivity, employment, personnel cost, investments. The data collected is treated with statistical procedures for assuring consistency and coherence and non-response technique, by integrating data from administrative sources. The estimation methodology is based on calibration, by using known totals from the business register (the number of the persons employed and enterprises).Survey on enterprise accounting system: The Survey on Economic and financial accounts of large enterprises covers all enterprises operating in Italy with at least 100 persons employed and concerns all enterprises of industrial and services sectors excluding financial services The survey collects data concerning profit-and-loss accounts and balance sheets and data about KAU (Kind of Activity Units) . Moreover, information regarding employment, investment and personnel costs are requested. The survey is carried out according to the normative guidelines of the EC Structural Business Statistics (SBS) Regulation N 295/2008. The questionnaires is electronic. Other data characteristics: Size class of persons employeed 0-1 and 2-9 are only for the areas of trade and services

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for blue and white-collar worker households: It refers to consumption of households whose reference person is an employee. It is used to updated periodically monetary values.

Data source(s) used: Gross fixed capital formation:consists of resident producers' acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of producer or institutional units.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy). In the next months, the transition to the new nomenclatures will be completed with the quarterly time series, the regional accounts, and the accounts by institutional sector.Gross fixed capital formation: Gross fixed capital formation consists of resident producers' acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during a given period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of producer or institutional units.Consumption of fixed capital: Consumption of fixed capital represents the amount of fixed assets used up, during the period under consideration, as a result of normal wear and tear and foreseeable obsolescence, including a provision for losses of fixed assets as a result of accidental damage which can be insured against.Gross capital stock: Gross capital stock refers to the cumulative flow of volume investments, corrected for retirement. In the gross stock, assets are treated as new until they are retired: it is assumed that they retain their full productive capacity until removed from the stock.Net capital stock: Net capital stock is the sum of the written-down values of all the fixed assets still in use; it can also be described as the difference between gross capital stock and consumption of fixed capital.

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for the whole nation: It refers to households consumption within the national territory (both resident and non-resident households) and comprise all purchases of goods and services having an actual market price. It is used to measure inflation in Italy. Other data characteristics: In regard to provincial data, in some months and for some provincial capitals, the index can be not calculated due to the interruption of survey operations or the non abidance of the rules and the quality standards established by IstatSuch situation are marked with flag g

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for the whole nation: It refers to households consumption within the national territory (both resident and non-resident households) and comprise all purchases of goods and services having an actual market price. It is used to measure inflation in Italy.

Data source(s) used: Institutional units belonging to the General Government sector: Based on ESA2010, the European System of Accounts, Istat has produced a list of the institutional units that form part of the General Government sector (Sector S13), whose accounts are counted as part of the General Government consolidated accounts.

Data source(s) used: On 4th October 2014 Istat released the new national accounts series consistent with the new European system of national and regional accounts (Esa2010) Manual. In conjunction with the introduction of the Esa2010 Manual, Italy as other Eu Member States proceeded to develop a comprehensive revision of the estimate of national accounts. The transition to a new version of accounting rules is also the most suitable time to introduce new methods of measurement and new data sources that have become available in recent years. This results in a significant change to the time series previously released. Productivity measures now released are based on new national accounts data. The revision of the data underlying the productivity statistics results in a revision to the previously published productivity series.Productivity measures allow assessing the contribution of factors that determine output growth. Such measurement is implemented in the framework of the sources of growth (or growth accounting) analysis, an analytical approach that allows to decompose the growth of output in the contributions of labour and capital input and a residual component, the so-called multifactor productivity.Multifactor productivity measures the contributions of technical progress not embodied in capital goods (e.g. factors such as innovations in the production process and organizational developments), improvements in the level of education and skills of employed and other factors such as business cycle, economies of scale, externalities and also measurement errors.Output is chain linked valued added at basic prices. Labour input is measured as total hours worked by all persons engaged in production (both employees and self-employed). Capital input is measured as the volume of capital services provided by the stocks of three categories of ICT assets (hardware, communication equipment and computer software), eight categories of tangible non-ICT assets (non-ICT machinery and equipment, furniture, road transport equipment, other transport equipment, livestock, tree and plant resources, construction works and ownership transfer costs) and three categories of intangible non-ICT assets (research and development, entertainment, artistic and literary originals and mineral explorations).Productivity measures are estimated using national accounts data released in accordance with NACE Rev.2 classification. Estimates are provided for 38, 21, 10 and 3 industries and for the total economy. Both industry level and aggregate estimates are calculated net of real estate activities, of activities of households, of activities of extraterritorial organizations and of all activities of the General government sector. In 2011 the above defined sector accounted for 70,4& of total value added and 83,0& of total hours worked.

Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA2010) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.