Eurostat

Exchange rates are the price or value of one country's currency in relation to another. Here the exchange rates are those for the euro published by the European Central Bank. Before 1999 the exchange rates are those of the ECU, as published by the European Commission.

The present data collection consists of the following indicators:Interest rates : Day-to-day money market interest rates, 3-month interest rates, Euro yields and Long term government bond yields - Maastricht definitionEuro/Ecu exchange rates: Exchange rates against the ECU/euroEffective exchange rates indices : Nominal Effective Exchange Rate, Real Effective Exchange Rate Â

The presented data comprise exchange rates against the euro: Average, cumulative series and end of the period rates of the euro against a range of currencies.

The presented data comprise exchange rates against the euro: Average, cumulative series and end of the period rates of the euro against a range of currencies.

The present data collection consists of the following indicators:Interest rates : Day-to-day money market interest rates, 3-month interest rates, Euro yields and Long term government bond yields - Maastricht definitionEuro/Ecu exchange rates: Exchange rates against the ECU/euroEffective exchange rates indices : Nominal Effective Exchange Rate, Real Effective Exchange Rate Â

The presented data comprise exchange rates against the euro: Average, cumulative series and end of the period rates of the euro against a range of currencies.

The presented data comprise exchange rates against the euro: Average, cumulative series and end of the period rates of the euro against a range of currencies.

The Euro-national currency exchange rate represents the equivalent of one euro expressed in national currency. For example, the euro-dollar exchange rate is the equivalent of one euro expressed in United States dollars. Monthly data are the average of the observed business day rates. Data are presented in raw form. Source: European Central Bank (ECB)

Nominal effective series measure changes in the value of a currency against a trade-weighted basket of currencies. A rise in the index means a strengthening of the currency. Real effective series are a measure of the change in competitiveness of a country or geographical area, by taking into account the change in costs or prices relative to other countries. A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness. The collection comprises industrial countries' effective exchange rates. It is produced by the European Commission (DG ECFIN).

Nominal effective series measure changes in the value of a currency against a trade-weighted basket of currencies. A rise in the index means a strengthening of the currency. Real effective series are a measure of the change in competitiveness of a country or geographical area, by taking into account the change in costs or prices relative to other countries. A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness. The collection comprises industrial countries' effective exchange rates. It is produced by the European Commission (DG ECFIN).

Nominal effective series measure changes in the value of a currency against a trade-weighted basket of currencies. A rise in the index means a strengthening of the currency. Real effective series are a measure of the change in competitiveness of a country or geographical area, by taking into account the change in costs or prices relative to other countries. A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness. The collection comprises industrial countries' effective exchange rates. It is produced by the European Commission (DG ECFIN).

The NEER (Nominal Effective Exchange Rate) is the weighted average of bilateral nominal exchange rates against the currencies of selected trading partners. The data are expresed as % change over 3 years, and % change over 1 year. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN).

The Nominal Effective Exchange Rate is the weighted average of bilateral nominal exchange rates against the currencies of selected trading partners. The data are expressed as 3 years % change, and 1 year % change. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN).

The REER (or Relative price and cost indicators) aim to assess a country's (or currency area's) price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The indicator is deflated by the price index (total economy) against a panel of 42 countries (= EU27+ 15 other industrial countries: Australia, Canada, United States, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Mexico, Switzerland, UK, Turkey, Russia, China, Brazil, South Korea and Hong Kong). Double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere. A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN). Data are non-seasonal adjusted.

Real effective exchange rate (REER) aims to assess a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). A positive value means real appreciation. The data are presented as 3 years % change, and 1 year % change. The MIP scoreboard indicator is the percentage change over three years of the real effective exchange rate (REER) based on consumer price index deflators relative to 42 trading partners. The formula is: [[(REER_HICP_42)t - (REER_HICP_42)t-3] / (REER_HICP_42)t-3]*100 The indicative thresholds are +/-5% for euro area and +/-11% for non-euro area countries. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

The REER (Real Effective Exchage Rate) aims to assess a country (or currency area's) price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in the euro area. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure is deflated by the consumer price index (total economy) against the euro area partners. Double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere. A rise in the index means a loss of competitiveness. The data are presented as 3 years % change, 1 year % change and Index, 2010=100. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN).

Real effective exchange rate (REER) aims to assess a country's price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends. The specific REER for the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure is deflated by the consumer price indices relative to a panel of 42 countries (double export weights are used to calculate REERs, reflecting not only competition in the home markets of the various competitors, but also competition in export markets elsewhere). The data are expressed as index with base year 2010.