Никарагуа

Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS are transmitted annually by the EU Member States on the basis of a legal obligation from 1995 onwards.   SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities and personal services and the data are provided by all EU Member States, Norway and Switzerland, some candidate and potential candidate countries. The data are collected by domain of activity (annex) : Annex I - Services, Annex II - Industry, Annex III - Trade and Annex IV- Constructions and by datasets. Each annex contains several datasets as indicated in the SBS Regulation. The majority of the data is collected by National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) by means of statistical surveys, business registers or from various administrative sources. Regulatory or controlling national offices for financial institutions or central banks often provide the information required for the financial sector (NACE Rev 2 Section K / NACE Rev 1.1 Section J). Member States apply various statistical methods, according to the data source, such as grossing up, model based estimation or different forms of imputation, to ensure the quality of SBSs produced. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category:Business Demographic variables (e.g. Number of enterprises)"Output related" variables (e.g. Turnover, Value added)"Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Employment, Hours worked); goods and services input (e.g. Total of purchases); capital input (e.g. Material investments) All SBS characteristics are published on Eurostat’s website by tables and an example of the existent tables is presented below:Annual enterprise statistics: Characteristics collected are published by country and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 class level (4-digits). Some classes or groups in 'services' section have been aggregated.Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes: Characteristics are published by country and detailed down to NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 group level (3-digits) and employment size class. For trade (NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 Section G) a supplementary breakdown by turnover size class is available.Annual regional statistics: Four characteristics are published by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 division level (2-digits) (but to group level (3-digits) for the trade section). More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2008 is defined in Commission Regulation N° 251/2009. For previous reference years it is included in Commission Regulations (EC) N° 2701/98 and amended by Commission Regulation N°1614/2002 and Commission Regulation N°1669/2003. Several important derived indicators are generated in the form of ratios of certain monetary characteristics or per head values. A list with the available derived indicators is available below in the Annex.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

The indicator measures the number and proportion of coastal and inland bathing sites with excellent water quality. The indicator assessment is based on microbiological parameters (intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli). The new Bathing Water Directive requires Member States to identify and assess the quality of all inland and marine bathing waters and to classify these waters as ‘poor’, ‘sufficient’, ‘good’ or ‘excellent’.

20.1. Source data

The design capacity of waste water treatment plants is characterised by the total quantity of oxygen-demanding material that can be treated daily with a certain efficiency. For biological treatment plants the BOD-capacity is mostly limited by the oxygenation capacity, i.e. the quantity of oxygen that can be brought into the water to keep the oxygen concentration on a suitable level.

6.1. Reference area

Data on soil erosion are published under agreement with data provider - Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC – Ispra), one of the partners of the Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation on the development of Agri-environmental indicators. Soil erosion by water is one of the most widespread forms of soil degradation in Europe. Since it is difficult to measure at large scales, soil erosion models are a crucial estimation tool at regional, national and European levels. This dataset represents the soil erosion rates by water estimated on the basis of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) empirical computer model in tonnes per ha of EU territory per year (t ha-1 yr-1), in EU-28 Member States for NUTS 3 level administrative areas. Note that Eurostat is not the producer of these data, only re-publishes them. For more information please consult the Eurostat Statistics Explained article Agri-environmental indicator – Soil erosion.

Water removed from any freshwater source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded.

Total groundwater and surface water abstraction per capita.

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en43 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Eurostat Dataset Id:env_watres_r2 Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Inland waterway transport progressed by only 17 % in nearly three decades. It should however be noted that the efficiency of this transport mode made a big step forward since the transport performance was done with a considerably reduced vessel fleet. For some countries, like the Netherlands, it is the second mode of transport after road, and for other countries, it still has a major share of the market.

Inter American Development Bank Statistics

The data in this dataset comes from the Common Questionnaire for Transport Statistics, developed and surveyed in co-operation between the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the International Transport Forum (ITF) and Eurostat. The Common Questionnaire is not supported by a legal act, but is based on a gentlemen's agreement with the participating countries; the completeness varies from country to country. Eurostat’s datasets based on the Common Questionnaire cover annual data for the EU Member States, EFTA states and Candidate countries to the EU. Data for other participating countries are available through the ITF and the UNECE. In total, comparable transport data collected through the Common Questionnaire is available for close to 60 countries worldwide. The Common Questionnaire collects aggregated annual data on:Railway transportRoad transportInland waterways transportOil pipelines transportGas pipelines transport For each mode of transport, the Common Questionnaire cover some or all of the following sub-modules (the number of questions/variables within each sub-module varies between the different modes of transport):Infrastructure (All modes)Transport equipment (RAIL, ROAD and INLAND WATERWAYS)Enterprises, economic performance and employment (All modes)Traffic (RAIL, ROAD and INLAND WATERWAYS)Transport measurement (All modes) Accidents (ROAD only) The Common Questionnaire is completed by the competent national authorities. The responsibility for completing specific modules (e.g. Transport by Rail) or part of modules (e.g. Road Infrastructure) may be delegated to other national authorities in charge of specific fields.

The domain EUROFARM (ef) contains information (statistical tables) on structure of agricultural holdings collected through agricultural structure surveys. The data of the domain have been organised into two collections: Results of the farm structure surveys contains data from 1990 onwards based on the 1988 legislation andResults of the farm structure surveys based on the legislation from 2008. This collection contains the data from the 2010 Census onwards as well as the data for the surveys 2007 and 2005. Farm Structure Survey data are used to collect information on agricultural holdings in the Member States at different geographic levels (Member States, regions, districts) and over periods (follow up the changes in agricultural sector), thus provide a base for decision making in the Common Agricultural Policy. Two kinds of Farm Structure Survey (FSS) are carried out by Member States: a basic survey (full scope Agricultural Census - AC) every 10 years,several sample based intermediate surveys between them. However for certain characteristics the Member States may use sample base for every survey. The calendar for the surveys to be held in all Member States is agreed by the Agricultural Statistics Committee of the European Commission. For a given survey year, Member States have to conduct their surveys within the agreed time-frame, thus all the data are as comparable as possible. The FSS are organised in all Member States on a harmonised base. Whereas the characteristics are based on community legislation, the same data are available for all countries in case of each survey. The data on individual agricultural holdings are collected by all Member States and sent to Eurostat. The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The variables are arranged into groups: general overview with key variables,and other specialized groups containing detailed data onland uselivestockfarm labour forcerural development issues as well as management and practices. The 2010 survey additionally provides the results of the survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM). The scope of the survey is agriculture, while the survey unit is the agricultural holding (farm). Data for basic surveys are available in a three-level geographical breakdown of the whole country, the regions and the district; while data for intermediate surveys are only available upon the two-levels of country and regions. Since FSS 1999/2000 information about local farm location is collected in most countries, so that the data can also be disseminated by NUTS and are robust regarding the changes in the NUTS definition. The FSS 2009/2010 information is inline with the NUTS 2010 classification: Regulation (EU) No 31/2011 amending the NUTS classification from January 2003. The Eurofarm domain does not cover the whole territory only the land covered by the agricultural holdings. So the land use data without link with other farm characteristics should be downloaded by the user from the relevant domain. Specific national data about crops, animals or agricultural labour force can be found in other domains, without link between the other information at farm level. For a comprehensive description of the domain, please consult detailed structure (See annex at the bottom of the page). Regional Data Data for basic surveys are available in a three-level geographical breakdown of the whole country, the regions and the district; while data for intermediate surveys are only available upon the two-levels of country and regions. Since FSS 1999/2000 information about local farm location is collected in most countries, so that the data can also be disseminated by NUTS classification and are robust regarding the changes in the NUTS definition. The FSS 2009/2010 information is inline with the NUTS 2010 classification: Regulation (EU) No 31/2001 amending the NUTS classification from January 2012. Please note that for paragraphs where no metadata for regional data has been specified, the regional metadata is identical to the metadata provided for the national data.

Data cited at: (https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/historical-prices-by-city?displayCurrency=USD&year=2016&itemId=13)

Inland waterway transport statistics provides information on the volume and performance of freight transport on EU inland waterway network. They are reported on the basis of the "territoriality principle" which means that each country reports the loading, unloading and movements of goods that take place on its national territory, irrespective of country of origins of undertakings or place of first loading and final unloading.   The full data provision obligation includes:annually: goods transport by type of goods, by nationality of vessels and by type of vessel as well as container transport by type of goods;quarterly: goods and container transport by nationality of vessels. In addition, the legislation foresees voluntary annual data on vessel traffic. Voluntary annual data on the transport of dangerous goods and the number of accidents has been agreed with the reporting countries.   Summarising, Eurostat collects the following statistics on inland waterway transport:Transport of goods (annual and quarterly mandatory data provision);Vessel traffic (annual voluntary data provision);Transport of dangerous goods (annual voluntary data provision)Number of accidents (annual voluntary data provision).   An exhaustive survey is conducted by all reporting countries for national IWW transport statistics. For international IWW transport statistics, all but one country undertake an exhaustive survey. The exception, Poland, relies on assistance from the German statistical authorities to estimate international traffic, undertaken by non-Polish units. For the transit inland waterway transport, many countries conduct an exhaustive survey while few use sampling techniques to estimate it. Others rely on cooperation with neighbouring countries to provide the necessary information. Data are collected and/or compiled by the competent national authorities, which can be either the National Statistical Office or the ministries responsible. Original data sources are the inland waterways transport undertakings but the actual data providers are mainly national administrative authorities, national port authorities or IWW operators. In addition, RIS (River Information System) is used as data sources in several countries.

6.1. Reference area

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Eurostat Dataset Id:env_watpop_r2 Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Percentage of the population served by a sewer system, regardless of the availability of treatment facilities. This relates to any kind of sewage treatment (primary to tertiary) in municipal treatment plants run by public authorities or by private companies.

This indicator is defined as the percentage of the population connected to waste water treatment systems with at least secondary treatment. Thereby, urban waste water is treated by a process generally involving biological treatment with a secondary settlement or other process, resulting in a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal of at least 70% and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of at least 75%.   The indicator is a Sustainable Development Indicator (SDI). It has been chosen for the assessment of the EU progress towards the targets of the Sustainable Development Strategy.   tsdnr320's table: Eurobase > Tables by themes > Environment and Energy > Environment > Water > Population connected to urban wastewater treatment with at least secondary treatment (tsdnr 320) tsdnr 3020's table within the SDI set: Eurobase > Tables on EU policy > Sustainable development indicators > Natural resources > Fresh water resources > Population connected to urban wastewater treatment with at least secondary treatment (tsdnr 320).

This relates to any kind of sewage treatment (primary to tertiary) in municipal treatment plants run by public authorities or by private companies (on behalf of local authorities), whose main purpose is sewage treatment

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

A set of five indicators on the freight unitisation rate of the different modes of transport, i.e. transport in containers and other ‘intermodal transport units’ (ITU) as share of the total freight transport performance by the respective transport mode, are currently compiled by Eurostat. In addition, a dataset is provided for comparison of unitisation across these modes of transport at EU level; to make the data comparable, tonnes-kilometres (TKM) have been estimated for short sea shipping and deep sea shipping, and gross weight of goods has been estimated for rail transport and inland waterways transport. These indicators are:Unitisation in the different modes of transport (based on TKM for gross weight of goods) (tran_ui_umod)Unitisation road freight transport (based on tonnes-kilometres for gross weight of goods) (tran_im_uroad)Unitisation in rail freight transport (based on tonnes-kilometres for gross-gross weight of goods) (tran_im_uroad)Unitisation in inland waterways freight transport (based on tonnes-kilometres for gross-gross weight of goods) (tran_im_uiww)Unitisation in maritime freight transport (based on tonnes for gross weight of goods) (tran_im_umar) Furthermore, indicators on the potential for modal shift in road freight transport are compiled by Eurostat. These indicators relates the transport of containers over longer distances (more than 300 kilometres) to total road ITU transport and to total road goods transport, providing information for analysis of the potential for transferring such long-distance transport of containers from road to other modes of transport. This indicator may be combined with indicators on the emission levels of goods transport on road and for other modes of transport in order to analyse actual effects on emissions by such a modal shift. One indicator based on tonnes-kilometres and one based on tonnes are produced:Modal shift potential of long-distance road freight in containers (based on TKM) (tran_im_mosptk)Modal shift potential of long-distance road freight in containers (based on tonnes) (tran_im_mospt) Common for all of these indicators is that they use data already available from existing statistics, and thus do not create any additional burden on reporting countries and  the initial repsondents. The indicators have been produced using Road, Rail, Inland waterways and Maritime transport data, available within the European Statistical System. More detailed information can be found here.

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en46 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water abstracted by economic units engaged in collection, purification and distribution of water (including desalting of sea water to produce water as the principal product of interest), water that is used to absorb and remove heat in the course of processes for the generation of electricity.

The indicator presents i) the annual total fresh water abstraction in a country as a percentage of its long-term annual average (LTAA) available water from renewable fresh water resources; ii) the annual groundwater abstraction as a percentage of the country’s long-term annual average groundwater available for abstraction; and iii) the annual surface water abstraction as a percentage of the country’s long-term annual average surface water resources available for abstraction. The latter is calculated as the total fresh water resources (external inflow plus precipitation less evapotranspiration) less groundwater available for abstraction. Total fresh water abstraction includes water removed from any fresh water source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded. The minimum period taken into account for the calculation of LTAA is 20 years. The warning threshold of 20% for this indicator distinguishes a non-stressed from a water scarce region, with severe scarcity occurring where the WEI exceeds 40%. However the indicator is limited for several reasons: Firstly, the total fresh water abstraction does not distinguish between abstracted water that is redirected after use (and after appropriate treatment) back to the water body or if it is used for irrigation purposes with inevitable evaporation. Secondly, the abstraction and WEI are national data and disregard regional and seasonal changing conditions during the course of the year (water bodies/river basins with different level of water scarcity and hot spots in summer time). Eurostat is in maintaining more differentiated data but coverage is not yet considered sufficient. As soon as the more advanced indicator WEI+ is established, it will replace the WEI. More information can be found in Statistics Explained.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water productivity indicates how much economic output is produced per cubic meter of fresh water abstracted (in EUR per m3 or PPS per m3). It serves as a measure of the efficiency of water use. Total fresh water abstraction includes water removed from any fresh water source, either permanently or temporarily. Mine water and drainage water as well as water abstractions from precipitation are included, whereas water used for hydroelectricity generation (in situ use) is excluded. The indicator is limited for several reasons: Firstly, total fresh water abstraction does not distinguish between abstracted water that is redirected after use (and after appropriate treatment) back to the water body or if it is used for irrigation purposes with inevitable evaporation. Secondly, no distinction is made between fresh water abstracted from surface or groundwater. Lastly, water abstraction statistics are national data and disregard regional and seasonal changing conditions during the year (water bodies / river basins with different level of water scarcity and hot spots in summer time). Eurostat is in maintaining more differentiated data (groundwater, surface water, regional breakdown), but coverage is not yet considered sufficient. For the interpretation it should be taken into account that water productivity is strongly influenced by the economic structure and the proportion of water intensive industries. A lower water productivity primarily means that the economic and industrial structure of the country is water use intensive. A less water-consuming economy would show a relatively high water productivity. The change in water productivity is influenced by both ‘real’ productivity improvements and deteriorations, as well as by changes in economic and industry structure. For the calculation of water productivity Eurostat uses the GDP either in the unit of EUR in chain-linked volumes to the reference year 2010 at 2010 exchange rates or in the unit PPS (Purchasing Power Standard). The unit EUR in chain linked volumes allows observing the water productivity trends over time in a single geographic area, whereas the unit PPS allows to compare countries for the same year. Since GDP is measured in million EUR or million PPS and water abstraction in million cubic meters, water productivity is available in both EUR per m3 and PPS per m3. More information on water statistics in Statistics Explained

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en44 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Eurostat Dataset Id:med_en42 The focus of this domain is on the following countries:Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia. Data are provided for over 1000 indicators depending on the country.   The data for the Mediterranean partner countries are supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authorities  of each of the countries or territories. The data and their denomination in no way constitute the  expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the  legal status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers. Â

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Water supplied by economic units engaged in collection, purification and distribution of water (including desalting of sea water to produce water as the principal product of interest, and excluding system operation for agricultural purposes and treatment of waste water solely in order to prevent pollution). Deliveries of water from one public supply undertaking to another are excluded. The difference between the total water abstraction for the public water supply (cf. table ten00006) and the figures in this table represents the losses in the system, i.e. during purification, storage and distribution.

Abstraction of water by the user for own final use.

Yearly data on freshwater resources, water abstraction and use, wastewater treatment (connection rates of resident population to wastewater treatment and treatment capacities of wastewater treatment plants), sewage sludge production and disposal, generation and discharge of wastewater collected biennially by means of the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire - Inland Waters. Data aggregation: national territories.

Estimates on the use of water, sanitation and hygiene by country (2000-2020)